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Graveyard of the Atlantic
Graveyard of the Atlantic is a nickname of two locations known for numerous shipwrecks: the treacherous waters in the Atlantic Ocean from the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay at Cape Henry south along the coastline to the Outer Banks of Virginia and North Carolina; and around Sable Island, off the coast of central Nova Scotia. Both these hot spots for shipwrecks are due to some of the same reasons. When the arctic Labrador Current and the Gulf Current from down south meet it causes very rough waters. In some cases, it also causes thick fog which increases danger, especially near Sable Island. The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, located in Hatteras Village, focuses on the history of this area and features many artifacts recovered from area shipwrecks.
==Outer Banks==
Along the Outer Banks, navigational challenges posed by the Diamond Shoals area off Cape Hatteras, caused the loss of thousands of ships and an unknown number of human lives. More than 5000 ships have sunk in these waters since record keeping began in 1526. Among the better known shipwrecks was the ,〔http://monitor.noaa.gov/expeditions/log072603.html〕 a participant in the famous Battle of Hampton Roads during the American Civil War. The ''Monitor'' foundered and sank on 31 December 1862 off Cape Hatteras. Survivors of a much earlier shipwreck created the lost town of Wash Woods, Virginia using lumber that washed ashore. However, the extreme weather eventually claimed the town as well.
The Graveyard extends along the whole of the North Carolina coast, northward past Chicamacomico, Bodie Island, and Nags Head to Sandbridge Beach, and southward in gently curving arcs to the points at Cape Lookout and Cape Fear.〔Stick, D. (1981). Graveyard of the Atlantic. North Carolina, The University of North Carolina.〕 This spot is known as Cape Point, which is the stretch of beach that divides Hatteras Island's north and south facing beaches. This dangerous spot is known for its good fishing and surfing. It is a very famous spot on the east coast, despite its fragile location. Cape Hatteras has been a deadly trap for sailors that have entered for past centuries. This stretch of shore is home to more than 600 shipwrecks off the shifting sandbars of the Hatteras Islands.〔(2008). Graveyard of the Atlantic. http://www.ncbeaches.com/Features/History/GraveyardOfTheAtlantic〕 The sandbars shift due to rough waves and unpredictable currents. Another danger was the Outer Banks "wreckers." Some residents of the Outer Banks, known as wreckers, made part of their living by scavenging wrecked ships — or by luring ships to their destruction.〔http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-colonial/2704〕 Horses with a lantern tied to their neck would be walked along the beach. The lanterns up and down motion would appear to other ships to represent clear water and a ship ahead. The unsuspecting captain would then drive his ship ashore following the false light.
The first recorded shipwreck off the coast of North Carolina was in the early 16th century. This wreck was reported in 1526, off the mouth of Cape Fear River.〔 The large numbers of explorers who came to the area in subsequent years had to travel through the rough waters to get to the coast of North Carolina. In June of 1718 Blackbeard the pirate ran his flagship, the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nautilusproductions.com/projects/queen-annes-revenge )〕 aground near present day Beaufort Inlet, NC. Thirty two years later, in August of 1750, at least three Spanish merchantmen ran aground in North Carolina during a hurricane. The ''El Salvador''〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lat3440.com/index.php/el-sal )〕 sank near Cape Lookout, the ''Nuestra Señora de Soledad'' went ashore on near present day Core Banks and the ''Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe'' went ashore in near present day Ocracoke.〔http://northcarolinashipwrecks.blogspot.com/2012/05/dangerous-shoals.html〕 During WWII German U-boats would sit offshore and silhouette passing freighters and tankers against the lights onshore. Dozens of ships along the North Carolina coast were torpedoed in this fashion by German submarines in what became known as Torpedo Alley. The most recent ship lost was on October 29, 2012. The ''Bounty'' sank off Cape Hatteras when Hurricane Sandy came through. Two people were pronounced dead from the accident.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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